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What is the essence of "radiant energy" in the context discussed?

  1. Energy that is transmitted in the form of radiation

  2. Heating a building by radiation from panels containing hot water

  3. The spontaneous emission of particles or electromagnetic rays in nuclear decay

  4. An automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus

The correct answer is: Energy that is transmitted in the form of radiation

"Radiant energy" refers to energy that is transmitted in the form of radiation, such as electromagnetic waves like light or heat. This type of energy does not require a medium to travel through, unlike conduction or convection. Option A correctly captures the essence of radiant energy as defined in the context given. Option B refers to heating by radiation from panels containing hot water, which is a specific application of radiant energy but not the essence of radiant energy itself. Option C describes the spontaneous emission of particles or electromagnetic rays in nuclear decay, which is a different concept from radiant energy. Option D refers to an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus, which is unrelated to radiant energy.