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The term that describes a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to their environment is natural selection. This concept, first articulated by Charles Darwin, explains how individuals with traits that are better suited for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common in the population, leading to evolutionary changes.

Other terms listed do not encapsulate this idea of adaptation and evolution in the same way. For instance, a nova refers to a stellar phenomenon involving the explosion of a star, while near blindness is a condition affecting vision and does not pertain to evolutionary processes. Natural immunity relates to the body’s ability to resist infections but does not describe the broader mechanism of how species evolve over time based on environmental pressures. Thus, natural selection is the most accurate term here.