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The term "fatty acid" refers to a type of carboxylic acid that is a key component of lipids (fats and oils). Fatty acids are important for various biological functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and signaling processes. They typically consist of a long hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group at one end.

In the context of biological and nutritional sciences, fatty acids can be classified as saturated or unsaturated, depending on the presence of double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds and are usually liquid.

The other options do not relate to the biological definition of fatty acids. Excretion pertains to the removal of waste from the body, while fallout refers to radioactive particles that fall to the ground after a nuclear explosion or accident. Feilation does not have a recognized meaning in this context. Thus, recognizing "fatty acid" as the correct answer is crucial for understanding its role in biology and nutrition.