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The psychological term that refers to modifying the natural expression of an impulse to a socially acceptable one is sublimation. This concept comes from psychoanalytic theory and involves transforming socially unacceptable urges or impulses into more acceptable actions or behaviors. For example, someone with aggressive tendencies might channel that energy into competitive sports, thereby allowing them to express that impulse in a socially sanctioned way.

Sublimation is an important defense mechanism because it helps individuals cope with uncomfortable feelings or desires in a constructive manner, promoting psychological well-being. By redirecting impulses into creative or positive outlets, individuals can achieve personal growth and maintain social harmony.

The other terms listed do not pertain to the modification of impulses. Subatomic particles refer to the basic constituents of matter in physics, static electricity involves the build-up of electric charge, and a stimulus refers to an event or object that evokes a response from an organism. These definitions further clarify why sublimation is the appropriate choice for this psychological concept.