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A satellite, in astronomical terms, refers to any celestial body that orbits around a planet or star. This includes natural satellites, like moons, which orbit planets, as well as artificial satellites, which are man-made objects placed in orbit for various purposes such as communication, weather monitoring, and scientific research.

The other options provided do not fit the definition of a satellite in astronomy. The first option pertains to environmental issues, the second describes a technology related to solar energy, and the fourth refers to geological materials. None of these relate to the concept of celestial bodies and their orbital movements. Therefore, the correct response accurately captures the essence of what a satellite is in the field of astronomy.